Priviledges and Limitations on all FAA Certificates
Private Pilot's License
Priviledges and Limitations - 14 CFR § 61.113
Except as provided in paragraphs (b) through (h) of this section, no person who holds a private pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft that is carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire; nor may that person, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft.
A private pilot may, for compensation or hire, act as pilot in command of an aircraft in connection with any business or employment if:
The flight is only incidental to that business or employment; and
The aircraft does not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire.
A private pilot may not pay less than the pro rata share of the operating expenses of a flight with passengers, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees.
A private pilot may act as pilot in command of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event flight described in § 91.146, if the sponsor and pilot comply with the requirements of § 91.146.
A private pilot may be reimbursed for aircraft operating expenses that are directly related to search and location operations, provided the expenses involve only fuel, oil, airport expenditures, or rental fees, and the operation is sanctioned and under the direction and control of:
A local, State, or Federal agency; or
An organization that conducts search and location operations.
A private pilot who is an aircraft salesman and who has at least 200 hours of logged flight time may demonstrate an aircraft in flight to a prospective buyer.
A private pilot who meets the requirements of § 61.69 may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft towing a glider or unpowered ultralight vehicle.
A private pilot may act as pilot in command for the purpose of conducting a production flight test in a light-sport aircraft intended for certification in the light-sport category under § 21.190 of this chapter, provided that -
The aircraft is a powered parachute or a weight-shift-control aircraft;
The person has at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in the category and class of aircraft flown; and
The person is familiar with the processes and procedures applicable to the conduct of production flight testing, to include operations conducted under a special flight permit and any associated operating limitations.
A private pilot may act as pilot in command of an aircraft without holding a medical certificate issued under part 67 of this chapter provided the pilot holds a valid U.S. driver's license, meets the requirements of § 61.23(c)(3), and complies with this section and all of the following conditions and limitations:
The aircraft is authorized to carry not more than 6 occupants, has a maximum takeoff weight of not more than 6,000 pounds, and is operated with no more than five passengers on board; and
The flight, including each portion of the flight, is not carried out -
At an altitude that is more than 18,000 feet above mean sea level;
Outside the United States unless authorized by the country in which the flight is conducted; or
At an indicated airspeed exceeding 250 knots; and
The pilot has available in his or her logbook -
The completed medical examination checklist required under § 68.7 of this chapter; and
The certificate of course completion required under § 61.23(c)(3).
Instrument Rating - Airplane
Priviledges and Limitations
Privileges
Fly in Instrument Meterological Conditions
Fly on an Instrument Flight Plan (IFR)
Fly in Class A Airspace
Limitations
You cannot be compensated or fly for hire without a commercial pilot's certificate.
Commercial Pilot's License
Priviledges and Limitations - 14 CFR § 61.133
Privileges
General. A person who holds a commercial pilot certificate may act as pilot in command of an aircraft -
Carrying persons or property for compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to the operation; and
For compensation or hire, provided the person is qualified in accordance with this part and with the applicable parts of this chapter that apply to the operation.
Commercial pilots with lighter-than-air category ratings. A person with a commercial pilot certificate with a lighter-than-air category rating may -
For an airship
Give flight and ground training in an airship for the issuance of a certificate or rating;
Give an endorsement for a pilot certificate with an airship rating;
Endorse a pilot's logbook for solo operating privileges in an airship;
Act as pilot in command of an airship under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimum prescribed for VFR flight; and
Give flight and ground training and endorsements that are required for a flight review, an operating privilege or recency-of-experience requirements of this part.
For a balloon
Give flight and ground training in a balloon for the issuance of a certificate or rating;
Give an endorsement for a pilot certificate with a balloon rating;
Endorse a pilot's logbook for solo operating privileges in a balloon; and
Give ground and flight training and endorsements that are required for a flight review, an operating privilege, or recency-of-experience requirements of this part.
Limitations
A person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with an airplane category or powered-lift category rating and does not hold an instrument rating in the same category and class will be issued a commercial pilot certificate that contains the limitation, “The carriage of passengers for hire in (airplanes) (powered-lifts) on cross-country flights in excess of 50 nautical miles or at night is prohibited.” The limitation may be removed when the person satisfactorily accomplishes the requirements listed in § 61.65 of this part for an instrument rating in the same category and class of aircraft listed on the person's commercial pilot certificate.
If a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a balloon with an airborne heater -
The pilot certificate will contain a limitation restricting the exercise of the privileges of that certificate to a balloon with an airborne heater.
The limitation specified in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section may be removed when the person obtains the required aeronautical experience in a gas balloon and receives a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who attests to the person's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a gas balloon.
If a person who applies for a commercial pilot certificate with a balloon rating takes a practical test in a gas balloon -
The pilot certificate will contain a limitation restricting the exercise of the privileges of that certificate to a gas balloon.
The limitation specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section may be removed when the person obtains the required aeronautical experience in a balloon with an airborne heater and receives a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who attests to the person's accomplishment of the required aeronautical experience and ability to satisfactorily operate a balloon with an airborne heater.
Certified Flight Instructor
Limitations - 14 CFR § 61.195
Hours of training. In any 24-consecutive-hour period, a flight instructor may not conduct more than 8 hours of flight training.
Aircraft ratings. Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section, a flight instructor may not conduct flight training in any aircraft unless the flight instructor:
Holds a flight instructor certificate with the applicable category and class rating;
Holds a pilot certificate with the applicable category and class rating; and
Meets the requirements of paragraph (e) of this section, if applicable.
Instrument rating. A flight instructor may conduct instrument training for the issuance of an instrument rating, a type rating not limited to VFR, or the instrument training required for commercial pilot and airline transport pilot certificates if the following requirements are met:
Except as provided in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, the flight instructor must hold an instrument rating appropriate to the aircraft used for the instrument training on his or her flight instructor certificate, and -
Meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section; or
Hold a commercial pilot certificate or airline transport pilot certificate with the appropriate category and class ratings for the aircraft in which the instrument training is conducted provided the pilot receiving instrument training holds a pilot certificate with category and class ratings appropriate to the aircraft in which the instrument training is being conducted.
If the flight instructor is conducting the instrument training in a multiengine airplane, the flight instructor must hold an instrument rating appropriate to the aircraft used for the instrument training on his or her flight instructor certificate and meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section.
Limitations on endorsements. A flight instructor may not endorse a:
Student pilot's logbook for solo flight privileges, unless that flight instructor has -
Given that student the flight training required for solo flight privileges required by this part; and
Determined that the student is prepared to conduct the flight safely under known circumstances, subject to any limitations listed in the student's logbook that the instructor considers necessary for the safety of the flight.
Student pilot's logbook for a solo cross-country flight, unless that flight instructor has determined the student's flight preparation, planning, equipment, and proposed procedures are adequate for the proposed flight under the existing conditions and within any limitations listed in the logbook that the instructor considers necessary for the safety of the flight;
Student pilot's logbook for solo flight in a Class B airspace area or at an airport within Class B airspace unless that flight instructor has -
Given that student ground and flight training in that Class B airspace or at that airport; and
Determined that the student is proficient to operate the aircraft safely.
Logbook of a recreational pilot, unless that flight instructor has -
Given that pilot the ground and flight training required by this part; and
Determined that the recreational pilot is proficient to operate the aircraft safely.
Logbook of a pilot for a flight review, unless that instructor has conducted a review of that pilot in accordance with the requirements of § 61.56(a) of this part; or
Logbook of a pilot for an instrument proficiency check, unless that instructor has tested that pilot in accordance with the requirements of § 61.57(d) of this part.
Training in an aircraft that requires a type rating. A flight instructor may not give flight instruction, including instrument training, in an aircraft that requires the pilot in command to hold a type rating unless the flight instructor holds a type rating for that aircraft on his or her pilot certificate.
Training received in a multiengine airplane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift. A flight instructor may not give training required for the issuance of a certificate or rating in a multiengine airplane, a helicopter, or a powered-lift unless that flight instructor has at least 5 flight hours of pilot-in-command time in the specific make and model of multiengine airplane, helicopter, or powered-lift, as appropriate.
Position in aircraft and required pilot stations for providing flight training.
A flight instructor must perform all training from in an aircraft that complies with the requirements of § 91.109 of this chapter.
A flight instructor who provides flight training for a pilot certificate or rating issued under this part must provide that flight training in an aircraft that meets the following requirements -
The aircraft must have at least two pilot stations and be of the same category, class, and type, if appropriate, that applies to the pilot certificate or rating sought.
For single-place aircraft, the pre-solo flight training must have been provided in an aircraft that has two pilot stations and is of the same category, class, and type, if appropriate.
Qualifications of the flight instructor for training first-time flight instructor applicants.
The ground training provided to an initial applicant for a flight instructor certificate must be given by an authorized instructor who -
Holds a ground or flight instructor certificate with the appropriate rating, has held that certificate for at least 24 calendar months, and has given at least 40 hours of ground training; or
Holds a ground or flight instructor certificate with the appropriate rating, and has given at least 100 hours of ground training in an FAA-approved course.
Except for an instructor who meets the requirements of paragraph (h)(3)(ii) of this section, a flight instructor who provides training to an initial applicant for a flight instructor certificate must -
Meet the eligibility requirements prescribed in § 61.183 of this part;
Hold the appropriate flight instructor certificate and rating;
Have held a flight instructor certificate for at least 24 months;
For training in preparation for an airplane, rotorcraft, or powered-lift rating, have given at least 200 hours of flight training as a flight instructor; and
For training in preparation for a glider rating, have given at least 80 hours of flight training as a flight instructor.
A flight instructor who serves as a flight instructor in an FAA-approved course for the issuance of a flight instructor rating must hold a flight instructor certificate with the appropriate rating and pass the required initial and recurrent flight instructor proficiency tests, in accordance with the requirements of the part under which the FAA-approved course is conducted, and must -
Meet the requirements of paragraph (h)(2) of this section; or
Have trained and endorsed at least five applicants for a practical test for a pilot certificate, flight instructor certificate, ground instructor certificate, or an additional rating, and at least 80 percent of those applicants passed that test on their first attempt; and
Given at least 400 hours of flight training as a flight instructor for training in an airplane, a rotorcraft, or for a powered-lift rating; or
Given at least 100 hours of flight training as a flight instructor, for training in a glider rating.
Prohibition against self-endorsements. A flight instructor shall not make any self-endorsement for a certificate, rating, flight review, authorization, operating privilege, practical test, or knowledge test that is required by this part.
Additional qualifications required to give training in Category II or Category III operations. A flight instructor may not give training in Category II or Category III operations unless the flight instructor has been trained and tested in Category II or Category III operations, pursuant to § 61.67 or § 61.68 of this part, as applicable.
Training for night vision goggle operations. A flight instructor may not conduct training for night vision goggle operations unless the flight instructor:
Has a pilot and flight instructor certificate with the applicable category and class rating for the training;
If appropriate, has a type rating on his or her pilot certificate for the aircraft;
Is pilot in command qualified for night vision goggle operations, in accordance with § 61.31(k);
Has logged 100 night vision goggle operations as the sole manipulator of the controls;
Has logged 20 night vision goggle operations as the sole manipulator of the controls in the category and class, and type of aircraft, if aircraft class and type is appropriate, that the training will be given in;
Is qualified to act as pilot in command in night vision goggle operations under § 61.57(f) or (g); and
Has a logbook endorsement from an FAA Aviation Safety Inspector or a person who is authorized by the FAA to provide that logbook endorsement that states the flight instructor is authorized to perform the night vision goggle pilot in command qualification and recent flight experience requirements under § 61.31(k) and § 61.57(f) and (g).
Training on control and maneuvering an aircraft solely by reference to the instruments. A flight instructor may conduct flight training on control and maneuvering an airplane solely by reference to the flight instruments, provided the flight instructor -
Holds a flight instructor certificate with the applicable category and class rating; or
Holds an instrument rating appropriate to the aircraft used for the training on his or her flight instructor certificate, and holds a commercial pilot certificate or airline transport pilot certificate with the appropriate category and class ratings for the aircraft in which the training is conducted provided the pilot receiving the training holds a pilot certificate with category and class ratings appropriate to the aircraft in which the training is being conducted.
Airline Transport Pilot
Priviledges and Limitations - 14 CFR § 61.167
Privileges
A person who holds an airline transport pilot certificate is entitled to the same privileges as a person who holds a commercial pilot certificate with an instrument rating.
A person who holds an airline transport pilot certificate and has met the aeronautical experience requirements of § 61.159 or § 61.161, and the age requirements of § 61.153(a)(1) of this part may instruct -
Other pilots in air transportation service in aircraft of the category, class, and type, as applicable, for which the airline transport pilot is rated and endorse the logbook or other training record of the person to whom training has been given;
In flight simulators, and flight training devices representing the aircraft referenced in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, when instructing under the provisions of this section and endorse the logbook or other training record of the person to whom training has been given;
Only as provided in this section, except that an airline transport pilot who also holds a flight instructor certificate can exercise the instructor privileges under subpart H of this part for which he or she is rated; and
In an aircraft, only if the aircraft has functioning dual controls, when instructing under the provisions of this section.
Excluding briefings and debriefings, an airline transport pilot may not instruct in aircraft, flight simulators, and flight training devices under this section -
For more than 8 hours in any 24-consecutive-hour period; or
For more than 36 hours in any 7-consecutive-day period.
An airline transport pilot may not instruct in Category II or Category III operations unless he or she has been trained and successfully tested under Category II or Category III operations, as applicable.
Limitations
Act as pilot in command in operations conducted under part 121, § 91.1053(a)(2)(i), or § 135.243(a)(1) of this chapter, or
Serve as second in command in flag or supplemental operations in part 121 of this chapter requiring three or more pilots.